High-Grade Glioma (HGG) – Overview

High-Grade Glioma (HGG) refers to a group of aggressive and rapidly growing brain tumors, with glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma being the most common subtypes.

Health Apr 22, 2025 18 Add to Reading List

These tumors are characterized by their high recurrence rates, resistance to standard treatments, and poor survival outcomes. Although HGG is more frequently diagnosed in adults, it can also affect children, with variations in clinical and genetic profiles observed across different age groups. The typical treatment approach involves surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, although their effectiveness is often limited, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic methods and personalized treatment strategies.

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Epidemiological Segmentation of HGG (2020–2034) – 7MM

Total Incident Cases
Age-specific Incidence
Incidence by Major Histological Subtype
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) / Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) Cases
Cases with H3 K27M Mutation

HGG Epidemiology (2023 Highlights)
In 2023, High-Grade Glioma cases were significant across the seven major markets (7MM), with the United States reporting the highest incidence, around 16,200 new cases.
In the EU4 and the UK, Germany had the highest number of cases, followed by France, while Spain reported the lowest.
In the US, glioblastoma was the most common diagnosis, accounting for approximately 13,100 cases, with anaplastic astrocytoma contributing about 1,600 cases.
The disease was more prevalent in adults than in children, consistent with age-related distribution patterns.

HGG Market Overview
The High-Grade Glioma market across the 7MM was valued at approximately USD 800 million in 2023.

Market Growth Drivers

Breakthroughs in immunotherapy and targeted treatments, including promising therapies like ONC201 and DCVax-L, are changing the treatment landscape.
A growing understanding of the molecular and genetic factors underlying HGG (such as the H3 K27M mutation) is driving the development of precision medicine and more customized treatment options.

Market Barriers

The aggressive nature and biological complexity of HGG limit the long-term effectiveness of existing treatments and pose challenges to improving survival outcomes.
Delayed success in clinical trials and regulatory barriers continue to hinder the approval of new therapies.

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Emerging Therapies for HGG